And yet I also had organised 2 small birthday celebration with my family and friends...
Don't get confuse... My birthday is on 30 Jan and my sister's birthday is 8 Jan,due to I will not in Batu Pahat on 8 Jan (I'm going to Netherlands and Mexico with Uncle Henry) and 30 Jan (I'm in UTP already),so we decided to move forward the birthday celebration to 31 Dec 2009...
SCHEDULE OF MY MOMENTS ON 31 DEC 2009 AND 1 JAN 2010:
(1.1)
(1.2)
(1.3)
(1.4)
(1.5)10.00pm: went to 黑之屋 to get some drinks,singing and chatting
(1.6)
(1.7)12.15am: went to MBO Cinema to watch "Avatar"
Finally~~ back at home at 4.30am,really a tired day and this is the 1st time stay until so late not going back home,but that is really enjoyable with all my best friends!!!
Lastly,really thanks all my friends' presents...
(1.8)
(1.9)
4.0 SOLUTIONS TO WATER POLLUTIONS
ReplyDelete4.1 Smart Agriculture Practice
The use of fertilizers, which is the main contributor to water pollution in agriculture, ought to be strictly controlled. In my opinion, The Ministry of Agriculture and other related authorities of all nations should compile a handbook that contains information about a wide range of crops, their most needed nutrients and other pertinent data for the optimum growth of crops. Then, this hand book can be mass-printed and distributed to workers and landlords involved in agricultural activities. It can be the guidance to workers and landlords in controlling the quantity of fertilizers, especially nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonia sulphate, sodium nitrate, and others to prevent discharge of excessive nutrients into nearby water bodies during rainfall.
In addition, the use of herbicides and pesticides in controlling parasitic weeds and insects is can be replaced by biological method. Biological control is interpreted as the reduction or protection of pests’ population by natural enemies and typically involves an active human role. It will be an effective method by introducing a group of natural enemies of pests, which is also known as biological control agents such as predators, parasitoids and pathogens. As an example, ladybugs, and their larvae are vicarious predators to aphids, such as greenflies and black flies. They will also consume mites, scale insects and small caterpillars. Nevertheless, biological control approach must be applied vigilantly due to its possibility to disrupt the equilibrium of the native ecosystem.
It also suggested for farmers to practice cover crops, crop rotation and conservative tillage tactics in agricultural activities to reduce soil erosion and associated loss of fertile soil. Cover crops are close grasses, legumes and small grain crops that cover the soil surface during critical erosion period, say the wet season, for that particular area. Crop rotation is a system of periodically changing the crops grown on a particular field. The objective for this is to conserve certain type of nutrients from being used up too rapidly as a result of planting the same crops throughout. Any tillage method that leaves a portion of soil surface being covered with crop residues after planting is known as conservative tillage. These precautionary steps intend to diminish the impact of rainwater that will dislodge the surface soil as well as soil erosion.
4.2 Sediment Basins or Detention Basins or Ponds with Treatment Facilities
ReplyDeleteUrban runoff and stromwater runoff are recognized as sources of water pollution as they contain a lot of contaminants washed away from the land surface in urban area. Instead of discharging the contaminated water directly into rivers, streams and other receiving water bodies, they can be channel into basins or ponds. Basins or ponds generally consist of earthen embankments designed to trap and provide temporary storage for stormwater and urban runoff. There are a few different types of basins or ponds.
A wet detention pond is just as simple as a pool of permanent water that acts as settling facilities with a relatively low efficiency. Particles are allowed to settle at the bottom of the pond and hence relatively clean water is expelled to receiving water bodies via one or more outlets when the water overflows. Accumulated solids must be removed at regular intervals in order to maintain the efficiency and aesthetics of the pond. A dry detention basin serves the same purpose as a wet detention pond, in which their sole difference is that the former is just an excavated land without any water when no in use. Tailwater ponds are used to collect runoff from agriculture and sewage from animal feeding plants.
From my perspective, merely excavate basins or detention ponds in urban area is apparently insufficient as they are still many contaminants untreated when the water is expelled into receving water bodies. These facilities should be incorporated with infiltration or irrigation infrastructures. This will substantially enhance the efficiency and result in virtually zero discharge of pollutants into receiving water bodies. In addition, the treated water can be reused for other purposes instead of discharging them away and this is encouraged for the sake of water conservation. An alternative way for installing treatment plant at detention basins is to pump the collected water to nearby water treatment plant. Nevertheless, this is not favorable because it will increases the working of that particular treatment plant.
4.3 Laws Enforcement
ReplyDeleteGenerally, most of the nations in the world have established laws and regulations in battling water pollution problem. For examples, the Environmental Department of Malaysia has Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluent) Regulations 1979 while Americans has Clean Rivers Act 1966 to counteract water pollution problem. However, when we take a glance over the world, it is discovered that water pollution is rampant in most of the countries, especially developing countries, even though laws and regulations has been set up.
In fact, no matter how many acts and regulations being established by the local authorities and government, the key still lies on the enforcement of laws. Although many nations have establish laws and acts against errant actions that causes water pollution, their enforcement are fairly inferior and ineffective. In this context, prompt and stringent actions must be executed on those who go against the laws and regulations. Officers should apprehend the culprits immediately when they are found to do something that tends to cause pollution. Then, these culprits should be taken to the court and heavy penalties should be condemned to such unscrupulous people. Officers who are passionate in battling water pollution should be praised and awarded for their tremendous effort. On the other hand, idle officers who perform their job with one eye closed should be ousted.
For the case in Malaysia, the Environmental Department of Malaysia should develop teams that are responsible for conducting regular assessment on the water quality, say once a fortnight, on various spots over the country. If unusual fluctuation on water quality is detected, the officers should instantly trace and identify possible sources to this. If the problem is due to man-made sources, for example, dumping of chemical waste, the offender must be arrested as soon as possible and heavy punishment has to be condemned. Treatment ought to be provided to the polluted water at the same time as well to moderate the effect. If the problem is not man-made otherwise, the authority should identify the origin and that then carry out solution at the first moment. The essence here is simple, swift and strict actions are necessary to impose an overwhelming impact so that no one will dare to challenge the laws and regulations
5.0 CONCLUSION
The paucity of freshwater supply is aggravated by water pollution which is rife in many countries. Unscrupulous discharge of hazardous pollutants, faulty planning and management of water resources are among factors of water pollution. Contaminated water has an adverse effect on aquatic life as well as humans’ health. If this scenario is left to deteriorate, it will become a catastrophe to human in the future as getting a cup of clean and safe-to-drink water becomes a too difficult task to perform. Do not assume nightmarish event will only occur in movie, it will soon happen to us in reality if there is limited steps and actions taken to encounter water pollution! There should be a paradigm shift for everyone from now and onwards and we should realize that fighting water pollution is a shred and common responsibility and not obligation of certain parties only.